Philosophical Foundation of Causality in Education and Their Implications for National Unity in Africa
DR. TIMOTHY KAYODE TOWOJU
Abstract: The paper addresses a critical examination of how causal interrelationship could inform strategies for addressing challenges like ethnic division or economic disparity, to have a unique conceptual framework that can influence approaches to international unity in Africa. There is a limited philosophical clarification of causality and hot its can serve the purpose of nationality in African. The relevant questions here may be: are there any links, positive or negative, between education, causality, and national unity? Can a shared understanding of causality foster cooperation across diverse African nations? How might the philosophical explanation inform practical steps towards unity? It is our opinion that education should deliberately harness the power of causality and be programmed to promote the principle of positive self-actualization, which is an antidote to unity in a community of human beings. The philosophical underpinnings of causality provide insight into how education can be used to shape and cement human society for progressive living and unity. This study employs a philosophical approach, clarifying causality to understand its impact on national unity. The findings have significant implications for understanding the complex relationships and dynamic nature of human society.
ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF REMUNERATION ON HEALTH WORKER RETENTION FOR UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE IN KISUMU CENTRAL SUB-COUNTY, KENYA
Synthia Amondi Agwenge, Prof George G. Wagah
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between remuneration and health care workers retention. Remuneration was identified as a significant determinant of health worker retention in Kisumu Central Sub-County. The study found that remuneration-related factors, particularly salary delays, had a strong negative effect on retention, emerging as the most influential predictor among the working-condition domains examined. Binary logistic regression results showed that salary delays significantly reduced the likelihood of health workers remaining in public service (OR = 0.29, p < 0.001). The findings indicate that inadequate and untimely remuneration contributes substantially to workforce instability. The study concludes that remuneration challenges are a key structural driver of health worker turnover and recommends county-level interventions aimed at ensuring timely salary payments and improving remuneration practices to enhance retention of health workers and support the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
Healthcare Utilization and Access Barriers among Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Subham Prasad Sahoo, Manashree Manamukta Naik, Prasanna Kumar Patra
Abstract: Background
Although the Government has tried to solve the problem of health disparity, some of the tribes in India are extremely marginalized and there are some tribesmen who are under the status of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) who are facing a tremendous health disparity. Socioeconomic and cultural barriers, inadequate infrastructure and geographical isolation are often the reasons why they do not have access to the most basic health care systems. There were a number of studies on the health condition of tribals in India and those pertaining to PVTGs' utilization of healthcare services were available but these studies were fragmented and region specific/community specific.
Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis were done with an overall objective to: Synthesis available evidence regarding healthcare utilization pattern and barrier to healthcare access amongst PVTGs in India and Identify the important determinants of healthcare seeking behaviors.
Methods
A systematic search of the studies was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, ASSIA, google scholar, Shodhganga and other related government reports from the years 2016-2026. The research was carried out according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261420500). Qualitative, mixed-methods, cohort, and case-control studies of PVTGs were considered to be eligible. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to rate the quality of the studies. For quantitative data, random effects meta-analysis was used for synthesizing the meta-analysis.
Results
The articles included in the review consisted of 110 studies with 78,542 people (of which 84 were included in the meta-analysis). The pooled prevalence of overall healthcare utilization is 52.8% (95% CI: 48.2 to 57.4%). Maternal healthcare utilization was estimated at 51.2% (95% CI: 45.8-56.7%), institutional delivery coverage at 47.8% (95% CI: 41.9-53.7%), and child immunizati
Preoperative Optimization and Surgical Scheduling in ASA I–II Patients: A Contemporary Perioperative Framework for Safety and Operating Room Efficiency
Samer Al Tahiri, Abdullah Almalky, Talal Jamahi, Yahya Ali
Abstract: Preoperative evaluation and surgical scheduling are critical determinants of perioperative safety, efficiency, and healthcare resource utilization. Although patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I–II are traditionally regarded as low-risk surgical candidates, contemporary perioperative medicine emphasizes proactive optimization rather than minimal assessment. This review presents a comprehensive framework integrating functional assessment, risk stratification, selective investigations, medication management, fasting protocols, anesthetic planning, enhanced recovery principles, and evidence-based operating room scheduling. Emerging innovations including telemedicine-based preoperative clinics and artificial intelligence-assisted scheduling systems are also discussed. The proposed framework aims to improve perioperative outcomes while maximizing operating room performance and patient-centered care.
Proximate and Ultimate Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge Blends: Implications for Thermal Conversion and Energy Recovery
Efetobor, J. Ufuoma; Sinebe, Jude and Sada, S.O.
Abstract: This study evaluates the fuel quality and thermochemical suitability of sewage sludge (SS), municipal solid waste (MSW), and selected SS–MSW blend ratios for co-pyrolysis applications. Proximate and ultimate analyses were used to assess the compositional behavior of the feedstocks, with particular attention to fixed carbon, volatile matter, nitrogen, sulfur, ash, moisture, elemental ratios, and higher heating value (HHV). The results show that MSW possesses superior fuel characteristics relative to SS, with higher volatile matter(83.70%), higher fixed carbon(7.50%), lower ash(0.45%), lower nitrogen(0.64%), and higher HHV(18.91KJ/Kg). In contrast, sewage sludge is characterized by very high ash content(42%) and elevated nitrogen(2.71%), indicating a mineral-rich and heteroatom-laden feedstock with lower thermal efficiency and greater environmental control requirements.The blended feedstocks exhibited a strong non-linear response to increasing SS fraction. Ash content increased sharply with sludge addition, while HHV declined progressively, confirming that even moderate sludge incorporation substantially alters the thermal behavior of the mixture. The observed trends suggest that SS dominates the inorganic residue profile and depresses the energy density of the blend, whereas MSW contributes more favorable volatile and combustible fractions. These findings indicate that co-pyrolysis performance is highly composition-dependent and that feedstock selection must balance energy recovery potential against ash-related operational constraints.
Biological Time, Evolutionary Optimization, and Gauge Coherence : A Thermodynamic Synthesis of the Principle of Biological Time Equivalence
Mesfin Asfaw Taye
Abstract: Biological theory usually treats time as an external chronological variable against which growth, aging, and ecological change are parametrized. Yet living systems also generate an internal measure of duration through physiological cycling and irreversible entropy production, and the regularities of allometric lifespan scaling, biological clocks, life-history evolution, ecological synchronization, and disease are ordinarily studied in isolation rather than within a single thermodynamic internal-time framework.
Implementation of 5S System in Hospitals: “5S as a Lean Strategy for Strengthening Quality and Efficiency in Sri Lankan Public Hospitals”
Sukunan.G, Dharshini.M, Thileeban
Abstract: Background: The 5S system is a Japanese-origin workplace organization methodology increasingly applied in healthcare settings to improve quality, safety, and efficiency. In Sri Lanka, public hospitals operate under significant resource constraints, overcrowding, and workflow inefficiencies, making low-cost quality improvement stratergies such as 5S particularly relevant. Over the past two decades, the Sri Lankan health sector has gradually introduced 5S as a foundational component of broader quality management initiatives.
From the Social Construction of Deviance to the Dynamics of Responsibility: Labelling, Victimology, and Restorative Justice in the Reconfiguration of Social Control in Italy
Valentina Moncada
Abstract: This article introduces the concept of the relational construction of responsibility as a theoretical framework through which to understand the reconfiguration of social control in the late modern era. Contemporary criminology has undergone a profound shift from offender-centred approaches to relational and victim-centred paradigms of justice. Against this backdrop, the article investigates whether the growing importance of victims and the spread of restorative justice signifies the replacement of the social construction processes described by labelling theory, or whether these processes are being reconfigured within new forms of social control.
Development of a Robust Multimodal Biometric Crime Control System Using a CNN Optimized with Genetic Algorithm
Ovansa A. Aloysius., Mafiana C.Kosisochukwu., Onyechi O. Peter., Abolade Qasim Akolawole
Abstract: Unimodal biometric systems exhibit inherent limitations including susceptibility to noise, spoof attacks, and non-universality, which restrict their deployment in high-security domains such as crime control and law enforcement. While multimodal biometric systems mitigate these drawbacks, most existing implementations rely on shallow classifiers that degrade with large-scale data, or on deep learning models that incur significant computational overhead.
Robotic Sortation in Ecommerce Fulfillment: A Case Study of AI-Driven Pick-and-Sort Automation Across a 3PL Network
Ashvin Kulkarni
Abstract: Parcel sortation to postal sacks is one of the most labor-intensive, error-prone, and operationally costly processes in ecommerce fulfillment. This paper documents the multi-site rollout of an AI-driven robotic pick-and-sort system across a major 3PL logistics network.
Enhancement of Mineral Resources Governance in the Platinum Group Metals Extractive Industry in Zimbabwe
Oswell Binha, Doc Nyikadzino, Prof Mutemeri
Abstract: Poor mineral resource governance (MRG) poses serious challenges for Zimbabwes extractive industry, particularly the Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) sector. Revenue losses, regulatory inefficiencies, and reductions in transparency and accountability have resulted from overlapping responsibilities, institutional duplication, corruption, and political interference. These challenges are exacerbated by security force involvement in extractive industry investments beyond their compliance enforcement mandate.
An Evaluation of Mineral Resources Governance in Zimbabwes Platinum Group Metals Sector
Oswell Binha, Doc Nyikadzino, Prof Mutemeri
Abstract: This paper evaluates mineral resources governance (MRG) in Zimbabwes platinum group metals (PGMs) sector, assessing governance performance against international benchmarks and stakeholder expectations. Despite possessing the worlds third-largest PGMs reserves, Zimbabwe experiences significant governance deficits resulting in revenue leakages estimated at US$32 billion over two decades and persistent poverty affecting over 7 million citizens.
An Analysis of Mineral Resource Governance in Zimbabwes Platinum Group Metals Sector
Oswell Binha, Doc Nyikadzino, Prof Mutemeri
Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of mineral resource governance (MRG) in Zimbabwes platinum group metals (PGMs) sector, examining the structural, institutional, and political factors that shape governance outcomes. Despite possessing the worlds third-largest PGMs reserves, Zimbabwe continues to experience economic underdevelopment, widespread poverty, and significant revenue leakages estimated at US$32 billion over two decades.
An Investigation into Mineral Resources Governance in Zimbabwes Platinum Group Metals Sector
Oswell Binha, Doc Nyikadzino, Prof Mutemeri
Abstract: This paper investigates mineral resources governance (MRG) in Zimbabwes platinum group metals (PGMs) sector, examining the underlying causes, mechanisms, and dynamics of governance failures that perpetuate the resource curse. Despite possessing the worlds third-largest PGMs reserves, Zimbabwe experiences severe governance deficits resulting in revenue leakages estimated at US$32 billion over two decades, with ongoing annual losses of US$1.2–1.9 billion.
Exploring Stakeholder Perspectives on the African Continental Free Trade Area and its implications for Zimbabwe’s Economic Security
Oswell Binha, Doc Zachary Tambudzai
Abstract: Zimbabwes accession to the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) presents a strategic opening to diversify exports, rebuild industrial capacity, and buffer the economy against external shocks. Yet progress has stalled amid policy incoherence, institutional fragmentation, and limited SME readiness.
A Review on Sociocultural Importance of Menstrual Health According to Ayurveda Medicine and Its Relevance to the Public Health Outcomes
Fernando KAB, Tharanga HWV
Abstract: Menstruation is an exceptional phenomenon that the nature has planned for women that undergoes certain reproductive changes from the menarche till menopause. This is a psychological process in females influenced not only by race, nutrition, and heredity but also by the socio-cultural background.
Improving Sputum Specimen Quality Through a Hospital-Based Educational Intervention on Proper Sputum Collection for Cytological and Bacteriological Examination
Suriany, Rahmadani Sitepu
Abstract: The quality of sputum specimens is a critical determinant of the accuracy of cytological and bacteriological examinations. Inadequate collection practices, including saliva contamination, insufficient volume, and improper handling, may compromise diagnostic interpretation. This hospital-based health education program aimed to increase awareness of proper sputum collection techniques among healthcare professionals and hospital visitors at Martha Friska General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. Two educational sessions were conducted on March 9 and March 16, 2026, involving healthcare professionals and hospital visitors, respectively.
Sputum Cytology as a Diagnostic Alternative for Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma in a Frail Elderly Patient Unsuitable for Transthoracic Lung Biopsy: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Suriany, Aryani Alexandra Angeliwu
Abstract: Background: Although histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosing lung adenocarcinoma, invasive tissue biopsy is not always feasible in elderly or medically frail patients. This report describes the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of serial sputum cytology integrated with ancillary biomarker testing in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Influence of Scholarship Fund Distribution Processes on Retention and Equitable Access to Secondary Education in Luanda Sub-County, Vihiga County
Tongoi A. Dennis, Dr. Hellen Kamwele, Isabella Lutzili Asamba
Abstract: Financial barriers continue to limit student retention and equitable access to secondary education among learners from disadvantaged households. Although county government scholarship programmes are intended to address these barriers, little empirical evidence exists on how scholarship fund distribution processes influence educational outcomes. This study examined the influence of scholarship fund distribution processes on retention and equitable access to secondary education in Luanda Sub-County, Vihiga County, Kenya. A convergent mixed-methods design was adopted, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from 188 parents of scholarship beneficiaries (75.2% response rate), 10 school administrators, five ward administrators, and 27 class teachers through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and document review. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square and independent t-tests, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 14. The findings showed that scholarship fund distribution processes significantly influenced student retention and equitable access to secondary education (χ² = 6.84, p = .009). Delayed disbursement was widespread, with 75.0% of parents reporting that funds were released after the start of the school term, disrupting attendance and increasing the risk of dropout. Communication regarding scholarship awards, disbursement schedules, and funding continuity was inadequate, with only 30.3% of parents aware that the scholarship guaranteed support throughout the four-year secondary education cycle. In addition, tuition support alone was insufficient, as non-tuition costs remained a major barrier to sustained school attendance. The study concludes that improving the timeliness, predictability, communication, and adequacy of scholarship fund distribution would strengthen student retention and promote more equitable access to secondary ed
