Abstract: The world’s most valuable natural resource is water, and one of the most pressing global environmental issues is the contamination of water resources. The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development declares the importance of water by Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) establishes a commitment to ‘Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all’. SDG 6 target 6.3 state that ‘improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, having the proportion of untreated wastewater, and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally’. Water pollution is any chemical, biological, or physical change in water quality that has harmful effects on living organisms or that makes water unsuitable for desired uses. The main Source of pollution is domestic wastewater and solid waste. In Ethiopia, like many developing countries, the management of river water quality is a major environmental challenge. This study focuses on the main causes of Chiro River water pollution.