Abstract: The aim of research was to investigate and reveal the construction mechanism of a component based nonlinear S-box. The nonlinear S-box is a vectorial Boolean function. A vectorial Boolean function used in S-box as straight, compressible and expandable. The application of S-boxes is noticeable in modern block ciphers. In this article, the construction of a nonlinear S-box based on Vectorial Boolean function is presented for scientific readers. Actually, the Substitution box is a Boolean-space where substitution takes place through an action of s-box (mathematical function) and provides confusion in block cipher. The computational and exploratory research approach were applied in this research. Reviewing a number of current s-box construction techniques and applying ideas mathematically to construct a new S-box was a primary initiative to conduct this research. Critical thinking was the main key to capture the mathematical notion behind the Nonlinear S-box. The data collection procedure was literature review, online survey questionnaire and focus group discussion. The population of the research work were doctoral students and professors.